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Which sulfonamides produces "Orange yellow color to urine" under alkaline condition Glycobiarsol is used in (a) Antimalarial (b) Anti amoebic (c) Anticancer (d) Antiashtamatic 74 women's health grampians purchase duphaston online now. Isoniazid is synthesized from (a) Methyl ester of isonicotinic acid+ hydrazine (b) Methyl ester of nicotinic acid+ hydrazine (c) Methyl ester of is nicotinic acid+ Phenyl hydrazine (d) Methyl ester of is isonicotinic acid+ Methyl hydrazine 78 womens health zinc order 10 mg duphaston visa. Inhibits fatty acid synthase I (a) 1-c menopause and insomnia generic duphaston 10mg, 2-a menopause 50s cheap 10mg duphaston otc, 3-b, 4-d (c) 1-c, 2-a, 3-e, 4-d Drugs a. Thiacetazone Myambutol Pyrizinamida Ethionamide (b) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-e (d) 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b 80. Monthly eye examination is required with following drug treatment (a) Ethambutol (c) Ethionamide (b) Pyrazinamide (d) Streptomycin 83. Cycloserine is analogue of (a) D-alanine (b) D-serine (c) L-serine (d) L-alanine 85. Orally active phenazine dye is present in (b) Thiacetazone (a) Pyrizinamide (c) Clofazimine (d) Prothionamide 87. The starting material for the synthesis of sulphadiazine is (a) Guanidine + formyl acetic acid (b) Propionitrile + ethyl acetate (c) Guanithidine + formyl acetic acid (d) Propionitrile + formyl acetic acid 91. Which floro quinolone does not contain cycloprpane ring at N-1 position (b) Ciprofloxacin (a) Gatifloxacin (d) Ofloxacin (c) Sparfloxacin 92. Phenoxy methyl penicillin Pent-2-enlypenicillin p-Hydroxy benzylpenicillin Benzly penicillin n-Heptyl penicillin A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1, E-5 A-5, B-4, C-3, D-1, E-2 A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1, E-5 A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1, E-5 99. Clavunic acid has a beta lactam ring fused with (a) Thienyl system (b) Thiadiazole (c) Thiazolidone (d) Oxazolidone 106. Acreloin toxicity is associated with: (a) Cyclophosphamide (b) 6-Mercaptopurin (c) Melphalan (d) Dacarbazine 111. All cytotoxic antibiotic have anthracyclin ring, except (b) Epirubicin (a) Doxorubicin (d) Dactinomycin (c) Iadrubin 116. Indoline-containing moiety present in vinca alkaloid is known as (a) Catranthine (b) Vindoline (c) Vinleuroside (d) Vinrosidin 120. Topically used sulphonamide is (a) Sulphadoxine (b) Sulphamethoxazole (c) Silversulphadiazine (d) Dapsone 127. Sulfasalazine is a prodrug that is activated in the intestine by bacterial enzymes. The enzyme responsible is: (a) Azoreductase (b) Choline esterase m ediCinal Chemistry 3. In cephalosporins, a higher resistance to hydrolysis by -Iactamase is shown when Diloxanide furoate is a furonyl ester of a phenol and it is synthesized starting from (b) p-chlorophenol (a) 0-chlorophenol (c) m-chlorophenol (d) p-aminophenol 143. Which of the following acts directly on the cell membrane of microorganism affecting permeability Amodiaquine is a derivative of (a) 3-Amino quinoline (b) 4-amino quinoline (c) 2-amino quinoline (d) 5-amino quinoline 150. The active metabolite of anticancer cyclophosphamide is (a) (b) (c) (d) N-hydroxy cyclophosphamide N-methyl cyclophosphamide N-acetyl cyclophosphamide N-propyl cyclopqosphide m ediCinal Chemistry 3. C-12 position is a part of the keto-enol tautomer in which of the following systems The cephalosporin antibiotic with a cyanomethyl side chain is (b) Cefadroxil (a) Cephalexin (d) Cephacetrile (c) Cefamandole 171. Cholestyramine is copolymer of: (a) Divinyl benzene with epichlorohydrin (b) Tetraethylpentamine with quaternary ammonium salt (c) Divinyl benzene with quaternary ammonium salt (d) Tetraethylpentamine with epichlorohydrin 184. Clofibrate increases toxicity of (a) Phenytoin (b) Tolbutamide (d) All of the above (c) Coumarin 3. For antianginal activity, the nitrate derivative must be metabolized into: (b) Nitrous oxide (a) Nitric oxide (c) Both (d) None 189.
Galileo is typically credited with the start of systematic experimentation in physics menstrual ovulation calendar buy duphaston 10 mg. Amazingly menopause length of time buy duphaston 10mg without a prescription, it took until the latter half of the twentieth century before systematic experiments became part of clinical thinking menstrual funny cramps jokes generic duphaston 10 mg with mastercard. Three systematic experiments are now routine in clinical research: the case-control study menstruation hives cheap duphaston 10mg online, the cohort study, and the randomized controlled trial. In the following brief descriptions of these three systematic experimental designs, the term exposure refers to a suspected etiologic factor or an intervention, such as a treatment or a diagnostic test, and the term endpoint refers to the outcome of disease, quality-of-life measures, or any type of condition that may be of interest in clinical studies. Individuals are randomly assigned to different exposures and monitored longitudinally for the endpoint of interest. If the endpoint frequency differs between the exposure groups, an association between the exposure and the endpoint is present. Exposed individuals are compared to nonexposed individuals and monitored longitudinally for endpoint occurrence. If the endpoint frequency differs between exposed and nonexposed individuals, an association between exposure and endpoint is present. A cohort study is often considered the optimal study design in nonexperimental clinical research. In evidence-based medicine, cohort studies, when properly executed, are referred to as level 2 evidence. Cases (individuals with the endpoint of interest) are compared with controls (individuals without the endpoint of interest) with respect to the prevalence of the exposure. If the prevalence of exposure differs between cases and controls, an association between the exposure and the endpoint is present. In a case-control study, it is challenging to select cases and controls in an unbiased manner and to obtain reliable information on possible causes of disease that occurred in the past. The case-control study is the most challenging study design to use for obtaining reliable evidence. As a result, in evidence-based medicine, case-control studies, when properly executed, are referred to as level 3 evidence. All three study designs permit us to study the association between the exposure and the endpoint. This association can be represented schematically as follows: Exposure Endpoint An important challenge in the assessment of controlled evidence is determining whether the association identified () is causal. Criteria used to assess causality include factors such as the assessment of temporality, the presence of a pretrial hypothesis, and the size or strength of the reported association. Unlike deductive reasoning, where associations are either true or false, such absolute truths cannot be achieved with systematic experiments. Conclusions based on controlled study designs are always surrounded with a degree of uncertainty, a frustrating limitation to realworld clinicians who have to make yes/no decisions. To most scientists, findings in which the effect (shorter hospital stay) precedes the cause (the prayer) are impossible, and this provides an unequivocal example of a violation of correct temporality; the effect preceded the hypothesized cause. In chronic disease research, it is often challenging to disentangle temporality, and fundamental questions regarding temporality often remain disputed. For this reason, it is important to know what constitutes a good study and what the pitfalls and potential problems in experimental design may be. Learning to think in terms of hypothesis testing can be very beneficial to the clinician. The thrill of learning new information through hypothesis testing can stimulate career choices and become a passion. Each clinician needs to develop expertise in the scientific methodology of data evaluation. The 12 tools for assessing evidence presented in this chapter provide a basis to make decisions about patient care when reading published reports. These strict requirements for evidence are essential if true evidence-based decisions are to be incorporated into the daily practice of periodontics. Furthermore, the design of studies to solve periodontal questions must have a foundation based on these 12 tools, if they are to provide credible solutions. At present, much of what is accepted in periodontal therapy is scientifically flawed, and the future of periodontology must have a foundation of reliable scientific procedures; only then can evidence-based decisions become clear and reliable. Temporality is the only criterion that needs to be satisfied for claiming causality; the cause needs to precede the effect. In periodontal research, many studies relating plaque or specific infections to periodontal diseases suffer from unclear temporality.
Dose of gamma radiation used for sterilization is (a) 20 kGy (b) 25 kGy (c) 30 kGy (d) 50 kGy 17 menopause estrogen buy duphaston 10mg with amex. Staphylococcus epidermidis is used for the assay of (a) Gentamycin (b) Neomycin (c) Clarithromycin (d) Both (a) and (b) 19 women's health issues in the news cheap duphaston 10mg with mastercard. Which antibody is responsible for the host to protect from bacteria and virus and provide passive immunity to foetus Staphylococcus epidermidis is used for the assay of (a) Gentamycin (b) Neomycin (c) Clarithromycin (d) Both (a) and(b) both 22 womens health quotes cheap 10mg duphaston with visa. Riedel walker coefficient of grade 2 disinfectant is (a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 20 31 women's health of westerly purchase generic duphaston online. Kanamycin B is assayed using one of the following micro organisms: (a) Bacillus cereus (b) Bacillus subtilius (c) Bacillus pumilus (d) Micrococcus luteus 32. Plastic containers are normally sterilized with (a) Ethylene oxide (b) Dry heat (c) Millipore (d) Autoclaving 1. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin (a) Act on the bacterial cell wall (b) Are active against staphylococci (c) Are effective in the treatment of anaerobic myositis (d) Are contraindicated in patients with renal impairment 48. The following are causes of gas gangrene in man except (a) Clostridium histolyticum (b) Clostridium septicum (c) Clostridium novyi (d) Clostridium sporogenes 49. Triple vaccine for the prevention of virus infections protects against (b) Coxsackie virus (a) Mumps virus (d) Rubella virus (c) Measles virus 50. Lovastatin is obtained from (b) Bacillus (a) Aspergillus (c) Staphylococcus (d) Streptococcus 38. Rifamycin is obtained from which micro organism (a) Streptomyces spectabilis (b) Streptomyces fluorescens (c) Streptomyces mediterranei (d) Streptomyces griseus 41. The following Gram negative bacteria are known to cause corneal ulcer except (a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (b) Moraxella lacunata (c) Bacillus brevis (d) Klebsiella pneumoniae 54. Causative organism for whooping cough is (a) Clostridium titanium (b) Bacillus pertussis (c) Treponema palladium (d) Vibrio cholera 55. The following drug acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis of the micro-organisms: (a) Gentamicin (b) Cefuroxime (c) Amphotericin b (d) Erythromycin. The following are true about Pseudomonas aeruginosa, except (a) It is a Gram-negative bacteria (b) It can cause osteomyelitis (c) It is sensitive to chloramphenicol (d) It is sensitive to ciprofloxacin 64. All are true with Staphylococcus aureus, except (a) Is sensitive to fusidic acid (b) Is resistant to phagocytosis by neutrophils (c) It produces exotoxins (d) Is the most common cause of carbuncle 65. Causative organism for syphilis is (a) Clostridium titanium (b) Bacillus pertussis (c) Treponema palladium (d) Vibrio cholera 66. With regard to antibiotics which sentence is not correct: (a) Vancomycin and penicillin inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis through the same mechanisms. The following are true about disinfectants that can be used effectively for skin: (a) Glutaraldehyde (b) Chlorhexidine (c) Ethyl alcohol with povidone-iodine (d) Both (b) and (c) 68. Bacteria spores: (a) Allow the bacteria to multiple in adverse condition (b) Are usually formed by Gram-negative bacteria (c) Can be identified with Gram stains. The following are used to detect antibodies: except (a) Complement fixation (b) Haemaglutination inhibition (c) Coagulase test (d) Indirect immunofluorescence 58. The following contain live-attenuated live vaccines, except (b) Hepatitis A (a) Polio (c) Yellow fever (d) Measles 60. E coli is used in assay of (b) Chloramphenicol (a) Carbencillin (c) Gentamycin (d) Nystatin 84. Autotrophs isare bacteria that (a) Derive energy from sunlight (b) Derive energy by chemical reaction (c) Synthesis all their organic components (d) Do not synthesize their organic components 85. Small pox vaccine contain (a) Inactivated or killed virus (b) Living virus of vaccine (c) Sterile preparation of killed or fixed virus of rabies in only dried form (d) Sterile suspension of killed typhoid bacilli 88. Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis include: Except (a) Cefuroxime (b) Erythromycin (d) Benzylpenicillin (c) Vancomycin 70. Aminoglycosides (a) Act on the bacterial cell wall (b) Are useful against anaerobes (c) Should not be used in patients with renal failure (d) Damage the cochlear nerve 71. False option in case of Clostridium tetani is that it (a) Causes gas gangrene (b) Produces an exotoxin (c) Has a terminal spore (d) Is an obligatory anaerobe 73.
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Labs from Study 005 with Notable Differences Among Treatment Groups Note that for Study 005 menstrual 6 days late discount duphaston online american express, hemoglobin A1c values were measured only at baseline and not at the end of treatment; therefore pregnancy 6 weeks spotting buy generic duphaston on line, data on mean change from baseline are not available menstrual jelly like blood purchase duphaston 10 mg on-line. In comparisons between all pairs of treatment groups womens health mgh duphaston 10 mg for sale, the numerically highest magnitude of difference in mean change was between the risperidone 4 mg group and the lumateperone 42 mg group. In comparisons between all pairs of treatment groups, the numerically highest magnitude of difference in mean change was between the risperidone 4 mg group and the lumateperone 84 mg group. In comparisons between all pairs of treatment groups, the numerically highest magnitude of difference in mean change was between the risperidone 4 mg group and the placebo group. Labs from Study 301 with Notable Differences Among Treatment Groups Table 93: Study 301: Hemoglobin A1c. Summary of laboratory findings and metabolic effects: the review of metabolic laboratory studies and body weight measurements does not reveal a clear pattern of adverse metabolic effects for lumateperone. Most of the comparisons in the three studies showed no clear difference in mean changes from baseline among the treatment arms. When differences did occur, the highest magnitude of difference was between the risperidone 4 mg arm and one or more of the other treatment arms. Study 301 did show a mean change in hemoglobin A1c that was higher for lumateperone 28 mg than for lumateperone 42 mg. However, the mean change for the placebo group was intermediate between the mean change for the 28 mg group and the 42 mg group, so neither group was notably different from the placebo group. These analyses did not reveal notable safety issues for lumateperone in comparison to risperidone (data not shown). Vital Signs For the three 4- to 6-week placebo-controlled studies, results for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate were reviewed to assess mean changes from baseline to end of treatment as well as the proportion of patients who had at least one post-baseline treatment-emergent markedly abnormal vital sign measurement, i. The number and percentage of subjects with markedly abnormal vital sign values at any post-baseline measurement are presented in Table 97 for selected vital sign parameters that suggested a possible drug-related effect. The potential effects on vital sign parameters with lumateperone appeared less prominent than the active comparator risperidone. However, the lumateperone 84-mg dose will not be approved for marketing because efficacy was not demonstrated for this dose. Immunogenicity the Applicant did not submit immunogenicity data with this application. There were two subjects receiving lumateperone 42 mg who were reported to have tardive dyskinesia in the 6-week Study 302. It would be highly unlikely for a new antipsychotic to cause tardive dyskinesia within the first 6 weeks of treatment. It is most likely that the tardive dyskinesia cases were withdrawal dyskinesias, which present as tardive dyskinesia on examination and can occur in patients who change antipsychotics or discontinue long-term antipsychotic treatment (Goel and Ondo 2017). Analyses for Human Clinical Correlates of Toxicities Observed in Nonclinical Studies Nonclinical studies revealed cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, and retinal degeneration in animal species (see Section 5), which are thought to be related to aniline metabolite exposure and accumulation of pigmented material in tissues. Cardiomyopathy Data from the long-term study (Study 303) were reviewed to search for evidence for cardiomyopathy in humans. This review was complicated by the fact that symptoms of cardiomyopathy, such shortness of breath, edema, fatigue, chest discomfort, and dizziness, are not specific to cardiomyopathy and occur in a wide range of medical conditions. Symptoms of heart failure secondary to drug-induced cardiomyopathy are not easily distinguishable from symptoms of heart failure secondary to other medical causes. Furthermore, patients with schizophrenia have an increased risk for cardiovascular illness, including heart failure, compared to the general population, and this can make it difficult to ascertain whether the development of cardiomyopathy in patients with schizophrenia is drug-related. A search of the adverse event database for the term "cardiomyopathy" yielded no results. Search of the physical exam database for patients who had normal cardiovascular examinations at baseline yielded three patients (0. Because cardiomyopathy may present with breathing problems, a similar search of the physical exam database for patients who had normal pulmonary examinations at baseline was conducted. The most frequent new findings were wheezing (six patients) and cough (three patients). Both the new heart findings and the new lung findings are nonspecific and cannot necessarily be attributed to cardiomyopathy. Peripheral Neuropathy or Retinal Degeneration Data from the long-term study (Study 303) were reviewed to search for evidence of peripheral neuropathy or retinal degeneration. The exams were conducted by study clinical staff as part of a general physical examination and did not include specialized neurological assessments for neuropathy such as nerve conduction studies. A search of the physical exam database revealed eleven patients with treatment-emergent abnormal neurological exams.
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