Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
The author suggests that uprighting of molars should be approached cautiously due to the potential for furcation exposure and that movement into recent extraction sites should be avoided pulse pressure under 20 order cardura now. Orthodontic therapy may be directed toward correction of spacing and/or crowding of teeth arteria femoralis profunda order cardura 2mg online. Silness and Roynstrand (1984) evaluated the relationship between spacing and dental health in 15-year-old children hypertension bradycardia purchase 4 mg cardura with amex, reporting that children with more spacing had less plaque arteria tapada del corazon purchase cardura line, gingivitis, probing depth, and interproximal restorations than those with minimal spacing. In a subsequent study, Silness and Roynstrand (1985) evaluated periodontal health adjacent to Section 2. Patients with fewer non-aligned surfaces had a more favorable periodontal condition (less plaque, gingivitis, and probing depth) than patients with many nonaligned surfaces. Likewise, the greater the number of non-aligned surfaces present, the greater the number of interproximal restorations. Orthodontic therapy has been utilized in attempts to improve the health of teeth with significant periodontal destruction. Brown (1973) examined the clinical and histological effects of molar uprighting on existing periodontal osseous defects in 5 patients. Following uprighting, the gingival tissues exhibited decreased inflammation, a more apical location, and reduction in probing depth of 3. The effect of tooth movement into adjacent osseous defects was studied in a monkey model by Poison et al. The experimental teeth were moved up to 6 mm into the osseous defects over a 3-month period and were retained for 2 months prior to collection of block sections. Histologic evaluation of the pressure side showed narrowing of the angular defect while the tension side demonstrated conversion of the intrabony pocket to a suprabony pocket. The authors concluded that teeth with a reduced but healthy periodontium may be moved orthodontically without detrimental effect on the attachment level. Van Venrooy and Yukna (1985) evaluated the effects of orthodontic extrusion of single-rooted teeth with severe surgically-created defects in beagle dogs. Ligature-induced periodontitis resulting in loss of 1/3 to 1/2 of the periodontal support was followed by orthodontic extrusion using elastics with 20 to 25 grams of force over a 14 to 21 day period. The authors suggested that the positive changes observed in extruded teeth may have resulted from conversion of the subgingival plaque to a supragingival plaque with decreased pathogenicity. Conflicting findings have been published regarding the effect of labial movement of incisors on facial alveolar bone. Batenhorst and Bowers (1974) reported the clinical and histologic changes associated with facial tipping and spontaneous extrusion of mandibular incisors in monkeys. They noted an increase in width of the facial attached gingiva with no alteration in position of the mucogingival junction. As teeth moved facially, alveolar bone apposition occurred on the interproximal and lingual surfaces while dehiscences formed on the facial surfaces. In a similar study, Wingard and Bowers (1974) used a different monkey model in an attempt to create dehiscences or fenestrations on the facial surfaces. Mandibular central incisors were tipped facially 2 to 5 mm while untipped lateral incisors served as controls. They reported no significant difference in mean alveolar bone level between experimental and control teeth; furthermore, no dehiscences or fenestrations were observed on tipped teeth. In this study, meticulous oral hygiene was consistently performed and the tissues were maintained in a state of health. Maxillary incisors were initially moved in a facial direction over 5 months, resulting in formation of dehiscences extending halfway down the roots. The incisors on one side were moved back to their original position over 5 months and specimens were evaluated after a final 5month retention period. Periodontic-Orthodontic Relationships plaque-infected periodontal tissues in dogs. Periodontal defects were created by placement of copper bands and were surgically corrected prior to tooth movement. Orthodontic forces were applied bilaterally over 6 months with plaque accumulation allowed on one side and oral hygiene procedures accomplished on the other. Clinically, there was a slight gain of attachment in plaque-free teeth and a slight loss in plaque-infected teeth. Histologically, while there was a trend for plaque-infected teeth to have a loss of attachment, there was no statistically significant difference in the level of attachment between the 2 groups of teeth. There was significantly more inflammation in the tissues adjacent to plaque-infected teeth and intrabony pocket formation was frequently associated with these teeth.
She states arteria zarobki cardura 4mg lowest price, "I was inspired by a question that kept repeating itself in my mind: Could I really change my life Being a sixteen-year-old girl hypertension kidney damage cheap 4mg cardura amex, Liz decided to continue her education blood pressure medication chronic cough purchase 4mg cardura with visa, but she had to face the fact that not much depended on her blood pressure medication edarbi cheap generic cardura canada. They, possibly, did not want to deal with a student who was not only very poor but also was an academic disaster. As she says, she was "tired of getting rejected, tired of hearing no" (Murray 251). Obviously, after so many failures many people would abandon the idea of getting an education. But, fortunately, Murray did not give up and decided to take her last chance and was successful in an interview at Humanities Preparatory Academy. This was a school designed by Perry Weiner, the chairman of the board of School Based Management, and Vince Brevetti, the chairman of the teachers union, to help struggling students take and pass required classes, in order to successfully finish high school and consequently being able to be accepted to college. This means that Murray, when given educational opportunities, proved that she was able to gain knowledge and study diligently. Later she became one of the six students who won the New York Times scholarship out of three thousand participants. Due to the fact people saw an article about her life story, strangers started helping her by sending money and necessities. She had to fight with poverty and other difficulties, so she had to put in much more effort to get an education than other pupils. Fortunately, based on the strength of her character, she was admitted to Harvard in 2000. Later, Liz Murray became a motivational speaker to inspire others to change their lives, study more and never give up. She is now "travelling to various countries, working with thousands of people to deliver workshops and speeches to inspire others" (Murray 324). Obviously, a person with such great experience of overcoming a variety of obstacles can motivate others to always follow their dreams. Everybody has his/her own problems that in some way make his/her path to success very complicated. That is why this kind of motivation provided by Murray is very valuable for people. Liz helps our society to become stronger and empowers people to achieve their goals. Children from poor families have a lot of obstacles to overcome in order to get a quality education. Public schools, where children from poor families are dominant, simply fail to create an environment that encourages their students to study. That difference in about $10,000 of government funds results in a substandard physical condition of the public school buildings, which are full of cracks and leaks. Moreover, these schools can not provide their students with libraries and places to relax like sports grounds or gardens. When a person studies in a room "in which a plastic garbage bag had been attached somehow to cover part of the collapsing ceiling" (Kozol 44) or in a room with nothing to breathe because of broken ventilation system, education becomes less important and the only desire that a pupil has is to leave that place 8 Distinctions Volume 13 Number 02 and never come back. That is why these children in letters of complaint ask Kozol for a help; they need to have the same necessities as children from wealthy families have to make their path to education more appropriate. Pupils from poor families like everybody else dream of going to college and understand that they need a good school education to achieve this goal. Obviously, most of them have heard about the examples of how college degree help people, like Liz Murray, to go beyond their background and climb the social ladder. Unfortunately, according to Kozol, studying in a school where children from poor families are dominant weakens their chances to prepare for college. Unlike Murray, who could take all required classes at Humanities Preparatory Academy, pupils in such schools sometimes do not have access to useful classes which they want to take because the government financing is not enough to cover the salary of teachers and necessary equipment. Kozol comes up with examples of public high school students who wanted to go to college but could not take the necessary classes. These children can be compared with a patient who is given inappropriate medicine by his/her doctor. Obviously, that medicine cannot make that person feel better and it can even worsen the negative influence on his/her health. The same thing happens with these students because they are denied the purpose of their life, and thus are harmed like the patient because of inappropriate medicine.
Although women are less likely to receive employer-provided insurance in general blood pressure medication infertility buy cardura in india, women construction workers had higher insurance coverage than male construction workers in 2010 (54% vs pulse pressure 99 purchase cardura online. Unionization greatly improves the likelihood of receiving employment-based health insurance blood pressure juicing recipes order cardura 2mg mastercard. Among production construction workers who were union members heart attack while pregnant buy cheap cardura on line, about 81% had health insurance through employment compared to 34% among non-union workers (chart 27d). Contributions to cover health insurance in the union sector are negotiated into construction collective bargaining agreements, and contractors typically pay into a multiemployer fund. Because construction workers may change employers frequently, they are able to retain coverage as they move from one employer and project to the next through those multiemployer health funds. The likelihood of providing health insurance increases with company size in both the construction industry and all other industries. In 2010, only 23% of construction workers in companies with fewer than 10 employees received employment-based health insurance, compared with at least 70% of their counterparts working in companies with 100 or more employees (chart 27e). In general, the construction industry is comprised mostly of small companies (see page 2). Employment-based health insurance coverage fluctuates significantly by occupation, ranging from 9% for painters to 85% for highway maintenance workers (chart 27f). This variation reflects differences in occupational composition, such as ethnicity, unionization rates, average firm size, and independent contracting practices. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement (or March Supplement). The survey asks respondents whether they were covered by a private health insurance plan in the last calendar year. If they said "yes," they were then asked, "Was this health insurance plan in your own name Number and rate of uninsured construction workers, selected years, 1993-2010 3,500 Number 3,048 3,047 Rate 38% 36% Number uninsured (in thousands) 3,000 2,500 2,133 2,524 2,661 2,608 2,000 1,500 1,436 1,000 500 0 1,539 1,853 1,924 32% 30% 28% 26% 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year 27c. Percentage of construction workers with employmentbased health insurance, by demographic characteristic, 2010 70% 60% 57. Percentage of construction workers with private and employment-based health insurance, by union status, 2010 100% 86% 81% Private Employment-based % of workers 50% 40% 30% 22. Percentage of workers with employment-based health insurance, by company size, 2010 80% Construction All other industries 63% 70% 65% 56% 47% 42% 41% 70% 66% 79% 68% 57% 27f. Percentage of construction workers with employmentbased health insurance, selected occupations, 2010 Highway maintenance Ironworker Foreman Construction manager Welder Truck driver Operating engineer Repairer Admin support Plumber Sheet metal Concrete Brickmason Carpenter Laborer Carpet & tile Drywall Painter All construction % of workers 76% 70% 67% 59% 58% 58% 54% 52% 48% 43% 39% 30% 28% 25% 24% 20% 9% 47% 85% 60% % of workers 40% 29% 23% 20% 0% <10 10-24 25-99 100-499 500-999 1,000+ Company size (Number of employees) Total Note: Charts 27a, 27b, 27c, 27e, and 27f - Cover wage-and-salary workers only. In 2010, 38% of wage-and-salary construction employees were eligible to participate in an employment-based retirement plan and even fewer actually participated (33%; chart 28a). In 2010, 47% of construction workers aged 50 and over participated in retirement plans, compared to 24% among workers under age 50. Participation in a retirement plan is generally lower among construction workers employed in production occupations than in white-collar occupations. Nevertheless, construction production workers who belong to a union were eligible for or participated in retirement plans at a much higher rate than did nonunion workers (78% vs. Construction occupations having relatively high unionization rates, such as ironworkers, highway maintenance workers, and welders, also have high rates of participation in retirement plans (chart 28c; see chart 13c for union membership by occupation). Unionized construction trades typically use a multiemployer plan model to fund retirement. Contractors that have signed a collective bargaining agreement with a building trades union pay into a fund that is managed jointly by trustees from the union and the employers, using investment advisors to guide their decisions. Multiemployer retirement plans may take the form of a defined benefit plan, which guarantees a level of income at retirement, and/or a defined contribution retirement plan, such as 401(k) plans. Such retirement plans are common among organized employers that hire workers who change employers frequently. Such employers are typically found in construction, trucking, grocery stores, and garment manufacturing businesses. In 2010, only 15% of construction workers who worked for companies with fewer than 10 employees participated in pension plans, compared to 74% of companies with 500 or more employees. The data also show that more than 95% of the 56,316 retirement plans in construction were defined contribution plans, and 61% of construction workers who had retirement plans participated in such plans. Information on retirement plans is also available in other data sources (see page 24).
Trusted 2mg cardura. How Ear Acupressure Helps Reduce Blood Pressure.
Mohammed can trade on his Sierra Leone experiences hypertension 140 buy on line cardura, and also his Sierra Leonean-ness how quickly will blood pressure medication work buy cardura 4 mg mastercard, not as a token but as part of what we might call an actor-network (Latour 1987) blood pressure device cheap cardura on line. Mohammed was a skilled translator but also a mobile actor blood pressure yoga poses buy cardura 4 mg overnight delivery, contributing to an evolving body of child protection expertise as he moved. There are no grand conclusions here; I have only reframed my original questions about what happens at the intersection of global and local models of childhood by shifting my focus to the nature of transnational child protection expertise to ask whether and how local-level expertise can move in that system. What are the conditions in which individual Sierra Leoneans make use of or contribute to that system And how, therefore, does transnational expertise work to replicate existing power relations or create new challenges to existing power relations Sierra Leone, as a laboratory of the most traumatized kids, has a new kind of capital. The dance therapy practitioner goes there to work with a set of war-traumatized youth. I believe the next step is to take Merry further and, after accounting for the various particularities of the localization of different sorts of human rights in different locations, to go beyond the relatively top-down model by focusing more on the kinds of moves (for individuals, but also for ideas and practices) that are possible within those various actor networks. Her research interests include education, youth, conflict, forced displacement and transitional justice in conflictaffected West Africa. Her latest book is entitled Childhood Deployed: Remaking Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone (New York University Press, 2014). Her scholarly papers have appeared in the Journal of Modern African Studies, Africa Today, Anthropology Today and the Journal of Human Rights. Merry acknowledges this to some extent: `The term local is, of course, deeply problematic here, as is its oppositional twin global. I was even invited to talk about my work at the United Nations by the Special Representative of the SecretaryGeneral on Children and Armed Conflict, a moment when I most felt a part of transnational child protection expertise. I have spoken elsewhere about the uses of the child soldier narrative in Shepler (2006); see also Meyers (2009) and Coundouriotis (2010). A World Turned Upside Down: Social Ecological Approaches to Children in War Zones. Collier (eds), Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems. Merry (eds), the Practice of Human Rights: Tracking Law Between the Global and the Local. Chapter 14 Solo Darboe, Former Diamond Dealer Transnational Connections and Home Politics in the Twentieth-Century Gambia Alice Bellagamba British colonial sources of the 1930s make reference to diamond smuggling in the Colony and Protectorate of the Gambia. What Campbell and other analysts left undiscussed is how this return migration of the 1990s followed well-trodden paths laid by the movement of trade and labour forces between the Gambia River and Sierra Leone in earlier decades. The migration of the 1950s, in which thousands of rural Gambian youths sought their fortune in the diamond fields of Sierra Leone, was another phase in the long-term history of economic, social and political connections between the Gambia River and Sierra Leone. During that period, news that the Sierra Leonean government had opened up diamond-mining activities to small-scale operators (Swindell 1975: 182) spread rapidly throughout West Africa (Bredeloup 2007: 65ff. As for the Gambia River area, the rush to the diamond fields marked the beginning of the international diaspora, as many of the men who arrived in Sierra Leone in the 1950s then travelled to Congo, Zaire, Liberia and finally Angola in the following decades (Gaibazzi 2010). This chapter takes its cue from the life trajectory of Solo Darboe, a former diamond dealer born in the upper Gambia in the 1930s, to illustrate this early transnational aspect of twentieth-century Gambian history. Such an exercise of historical reconstruction has broader methodological implications.
In assigning the security of its own territorial waters to foreign powers quick acting blood pressure medication cheap cardura 2 mg visa, Cape Verde is complying with a foreign immigration policy in which it has no say blood pressure buy cardura 2 mg low cost. Internally hypertension management guidelines buy cardura mastercard, the problem lies in maintaining social peace at a time when the country has started to feel the pinch of fast economic development unaccompanied by a gradual shoring up of social democracy heart attack young woman cardura 4 mg free shipping. Still, the available data might permit one to conjecture, after Arjun Appadurai, that the answer might lie somewhere between the two linked co-factors of globalization and extreme resentment of minorities. I argue that two fears might join this line of thought within a common nexus: the fear of dilution of identity, and the fear of socioeconomic subalternization and loss. Appadurai (2006: 83) notes that `majorities can always be mobilized to think that they are in danger of becoming minor (culturally or numerically) and to fear that minorities, conversely, can easily become major. Appadurai perhaps captures it best when he implies that the root of the tension `has much to do with the strange inner reciprocity of the categories of "majority" and "minority" in liberal social thought, which produces what Appadurai (2006: 8) calls the anxiety of incompleteness. Perhaps there is, then, an ongoing dialogue between sociocultural and socioeconomic factors, although the threat of raw xenophobia and possibly even discrimination based on ethno-racial identities cannot be discounted as contributors to this debate. In this manner, arguably, the ghettos described earlier become as normalized as they are feared. The ghetto, wrote Albert Memmi (2006: 84), `is both a rejection and a reaction to rejections, real or imagined, by the others. In extreme cases, fear might give way to the infamous suggestion that a form of segregation should be safeguarded. Considering these acute tensions, the fast-changing ethnoscape of the country probably justifies more aggressive measures to strengthen social justice. It also requires that the official approach to immigration move forward from its current single focus on Cape Verdeans living overseas to proactively develop a comprehensive and sovereign immigration policy. This discourse currently seems to apply exclusively to African migrants (Angolans excepted), while Chinese, Europeans and even Brazilians are all generally seen as bringing technical and economic advantages to the country. Marcelino is a researcher, political analyst and policy consultant affiliated with Longyearbyen Consulting of Toronto, Canada. This contribution is based on a paper presented at the Upper Guinea Conference, Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, in Halle, Germany. She previously touched upon the subject in earlier works, including Meintel Machado (1981). No refugees are registered as such in official national statistics, although the country has on occasion agreed to receive individuals with sensitive politics. For a complete discussion of the ethnic and racial dimensions of migration in Cape Verde, see especially Marcelino (2013). Reader comment (Acut) published in an online forum following the publication of an article about two Nigerian citizens detained in Sal Island for dealing crack (1 April 2009), in A Semana Online ( Reader comment (Miss Universo), published in an online forum following the publication of an article about a Malian woman apprehended while trafficking cocaine (26 February 2010), in A Semana Online. It is worth noting that all the positive comments are signed by readers identified with a full name, rather than the anonymous, sheltering nickname that is generally the case with negative comments. Reader comment (Madil), published in an online forum, following the publication of an article on a robbery in Sal (19 February 2010), in A Semana Online. Though clearly not a feature unique to Cape Verde, this is as relevant as it is prolific. Afrobarometer Round 2: Compendium of Comparative Results from a 15-Country Survey. Race, Culture and Portuguese Colonialism in Cabo Verde, Foreign and Comparative Studies/African Series 41. Carling (eds), Transnational Archipelago: Perspectives on Cape Verdean Migration and Diaspora.
